Human Serum
Albumin is
the most abundant protein in human blood plasma. It is produced in the liver of
human body and constitutes about half of the Human Serum protein. Human Serum contains dissolved protein like albumin in it for proper flow of
blood in the body. It is responsible to carry out vital substances in the human
body like hormones, fatty acids, and other essential compounds, buffers pH, and
to maintain the osmotic pressure, and other major functions of human body.
In
humans, Human Serum Albumin is the
most abundant plasma protein, accounting for 55–60% of the measured serum
protein. It consists of a single polypeptide chain of 585 amino acids with a
molecular weight of 66 500 Da. Albumin synthesis takes place only in the liver
of human body and it is not stored by the liver but is secreted into the portal
circulation as soon as it is manufactured.
In
healthy young adults, the rate of synthesis is 194 (sd 37) mg per day,
or about 12–25 gm of albumin per day. The rate of synthesis rate varies
with nutritional and disease states. The liver can increase albumin synthesis
to only 2–2.7 times normal because most of the liver’s synthetic machinery is
already devoted to albumin at rest. However, there are some conditions where
the production of the substance is lowered and as of this less synthesis the
human body is affected by many diseases.
Albumin
deficiency is termed as ‘Hypoalbuminemia’. It is a condition of abnormally low
level of the protein albumin in the blood of human body. The normal range for
albumin is 3.5 to 4.5 mg/dL in one single human. If your albumin level is less
than 3.5 mg/dL, it is considered low and deficient. Many potential causes of
low albumin can be at work, including malnutrition, liver disease, kidney
disease or a stress response etc.
Sometimes,
Human Serum Albumin levels are estimated
low in the human body because albumin is being lost from the body as of many
other reasons. This majorly happens if you suffer from a kidney disease such as
nephrotic syndrome. In this, tiny blood vessels in the kidneys called as glomeruli
are damaged and allow albumin to leak out into the urine resulting its loss
from the body. Albumin can also be lost from the body due to mal absorption
syndromes such as protein losing enteropathy, inflammatory bowel disease or
lymphoma, in which protein is lost in the stool.
However,
in the bloodstream, the Human Serum
Albumin transports bilirubin, fatty acids, metals, ions, hormones and drugs
and if it’s content is low, it can affect how the medications work on the human
body. Low albumin levels can also cause edema, or swelling of the tissues of
the human body. Other symptoms include muscle weakness, fatigue, cramps and
poor appetite. In hospitalized patients, a low serum albumin level is
associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality.
Treatment
of Hypoalbuminemia or the deficiency of Human Serum Albumin can be treated by estimating the actual cause of the albumin
deficiency and thus by providing proper medications made from the substitutes
along with the adequate dietary intake of protein and calories to the patients.
Human albumin is often used to replace lost fluid and help restore blood volume
in trauma, burns and surgery patients. There are many medications developed
recently to replace the deficiency of all such blood components in the human
body, by getting the substances from healthy humans and preserving them in
clinical conditions for future use of it for such lacking patients. All such
substances prove to be life saving for the ailing and deficient persons.
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