Gamma Globulin medical wonders

Human blood is an essential body fluid that carries oxygen and other important nutrients to all the body cells. It is also responsible for flushing out of carbon dioxide, ammonia, and other waste products from the human body. This fluid contributes almost 7-8% of human body weight and plays a vital role in maintaining a constant body temperature. It also helps the immune system in defense against the various attacks to diseases from external sources. Human Blood is a highly specialized tissue composed of more than 4,000 different kinds of components.  Four of the most important Blood Products are red cells, white cells, platelets, and plasma.  All these Human Blood Products helps in maintain the human life cycle and fight against various diseases and ailments.

Gamma Globulin is also one of such Human Blood Products that is produced in the liver, while some are made by the immune system. They are a class of globulins, identified by their position after serum protein electrophoresis is done, which is a laboratory test that examines specific proteins in the blood called globulins. The most significant gamma globulins are immunoglobulins or Igs, more commonly known as antibodies. However, some Igs are not gamma globulins, and some gamma globulins are not Igs.

Gamma Globulin is also one of the types of globulins that are produced without any previous infection, vaccination, other foreign antigen exposure in the liver of humans. These antibodies can activate the classical complement pathway leading to lysis of enveloped virus particles long before the adaptive immune response is activated. They are very beneficial when produced in the human body for fighting against all the viruses and diseases.

Generally all humans produce these Human Blood Products irrespective of location or gender. But sometimes there is an excess production of these substances in the human blood which at times can be harmful to the human body. An excess production of Gamma Globulin in human serum is known as ‘Hypergammaglobulinemia’. Also, sometimes there is scarcity of production in the body due this deficiency is known as ‘Hypogammaglobulinemia’. Either it is in excess or deficient human body is prone to a disease called "gammopathy".

However, these substances can be extracted from healthy donors and can be utilized for preparing medications and therapies that can come useful to patients that are suffering from diseases like gammopathy, or any other chronic disease. Gamma Globulin injections are usually given to temporarily boost a patient's immunity against various diseases and also are given along with blood transfusions and intravenous drug use, to pass along Hepatitis C to the patients. These injections are most commonly used on patients having been exposed to hepatitis A or measles, or to make a kidney donor and recipient compatible regardless of blood type of tissue match. These Injections are also used to boost immunity in patients who are unable to produce gamma globulins naturally in their body because of an immune deficiency, such as X-linked agammaglobulinemia and hyper IgM syndrome. Such injections are less common in modern medical practice than they were previously used as they are now replaced by the use of hepatitis A vaccine instead.

Gamma globulin infusions are also used to treat some immunological diseases, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP), a disease in which the platelets are being attacked by antibodies, leading to seriously low platelet counts. It appears that they cause the spleen to ignore the antibody tagged platelets, thus allowing them to survive and function properly.

Irrespective of its type and quantity these Human Blood Products are working wonders in medical world by helping in development of various medications, therapies and vaccines to help save many human lives around the globe.

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Globulins of the human blood

In the human biochemistry study, the blood components are widely divided. Human plasma being one of the important constituent is majorly responsible for the accurate flow of blood in the human body. Human plasma is made up of water and proteins and occupies almost 55% of total blood volume in the human body. However this substance is a regenerating substance in the body which can be easily formed again by it, so can be donated for medication or research purposes without causing any deficiency to the body.

In the human plasma there are 3 types of serum proteins present albumin, fibrinogen and Globulin. When the fibrinogen is separated from the plasma it becomes the serum part. Fibrinogen is the clotting part of the blood. Albumin is also a globular protein, but not a globulin. All other serum globular proteins except the albumin are globulins. Some globulins are produced in the liver, while others are produced by the immune system of the human body.

The serum globulins are categorized into 4 types based on its properties. Protein electrophoresis is the method which is used to categorize these serum globulins into the following four categories:

·         Alpha 1 globulins

·         Alpha 2 globulins

·         Beta globulins

·         Gamma globulins

Alpha globulins are a group of the globular proteins that are very volatile in an electrically charged solution or the alkaline solutions. These alpha globulins withhold several blood enzymes in it. There are various types of alpha globulins which are further divided into Alpha 1 and Alpha 2.

Beta globulins are also same like the Alpha globulins but are less volatile when compared to them. This is a globulin in blood plasma that carries iron and are transport proteins, serving as a substrates upon which other substances are formed, and perform other diverse functions in the human body.

Gamma globulins are the type of globulins that are identified by their position after the process electrophoresis is done for the extraction of serum protein. These are the antibodies which are very crucial in the development of various medications and therapeutic use. Being the heaviest, they are the slowest to segregate in Electrophoresis. Since they are immunologically active, they are also called as Immunoglobulin. These are very important part of human blood as their excess and deficiency both are not good for health and can cause a disease called "gammopathy". An excess of it is called as “hypergammaglobulinemia” whereas deficiency is called as “hypogammaglobulinemia”.

Injections are given to the patients to boost immunity in patients who are unable to produce the required gamma globulins quantity naturally because of an immune deficiency. Such injections are less common in modern medical practice than they were previously, as they have been replaced by the use of hepatitis A vaccine. However, being a substance taken from blood, gamma globulin injections, along with blood transfusions and intravenous drug use, could pass along Hepatitis C to its recipient, which is the major cause of its replacement in the medical use. Apart from gamma globulins, there are medications available foe alpha and bets too in the world which can be taken.

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